maintenance - How do you count the number of links in a chain

I thought this was a simple question but apparently there is some confusion - and it's good to have a basic question to refer people to. How many "links" are in these short bits of chain: Image

How to Fix a Bike Chain : 9 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables

How To Calculate The Correct Chain Length

How to Repair a Silver Chain

How to Count Links in A Chain - Dirt Bike Moto

When to Replace a Worn Chain

Chain codes help chain id What chain fits my chainsaw?

HOW-TO Measure Chain

How to Remove a Bike Chain Without a Chain Breaker Tool

How to Replace or Repair a Bike Chain